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Olympiad problem-solving technique

Algorithmic & Greedy Constructions

Describe a procedure, then prove it terminates and works.

Many 'show that such an arrangement exists' problems are answered by giving an explicit algorithm: repeatedly apply a local fix, and argue with a monovariant that it must stop.

The proof has two halves people forget to separate: termination (some non-negative integer strictly decreases) and correctness (the stopped state has the required property).

Greedy arguments belong here too: take the largest available piece, then prove an exchange argument shows greedy is optimal.

Where it appears on Lemma: Level 5 (monovariants) and Level 6 (games, graphs).

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